Simple Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Drotaverine Hydrochloride by Reactive Dyes from Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Rajan V. Rele*, Prathamesh P. Tiwatane
Central Research Laboratory, D.G. Ruparel College, Matunga, Mumbai 400016.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: drvinraj@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Drotaverine hydrochloride is [(1-(3,4–diethoxy benzylidene)-6,7–diethoxy-1,2,3,4tetrahydroisoquinoline ) hydrochloride], a benzylisoquinoline derivative. It is a highly potent spasmolytic drug. It shows excellent properties of smooth muscle relaxant. Its antispasmodic activity is due to inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzyme IV. It causes smooth muscle relaxation by increasing intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate (cAMP) secondary to inhibition of phosphodiesterase.
According to the literature review several methods has been developed for drug, like spectroscopy, methods1-9. HPLC10-14 and non-aqueous titration15. The proposed aim of the study was to develop simple, accurate, specific and precise spectrophotometric method for the estimation of drug in the bulk and pharmaceutical formulation.
Structure of Drotaverine:
MATERIALS AND METHOD:
Instrument and Reagents:
Spectral scan was made on a Shimadzu UV-spectrophotometer, model 1800 (Shimadzu, Japan) with spectral band width of 0.5nm with automatic wavelength corrections by using a pair of 10mm quartz cells.
Reference standard of drotaverine hydrochloride was obtained from reputed firm with certificate of analysis.
Preparation of Standard Drug Solutions:
10mg standard drotaverine hydrochloride was weighed accurately and transferred to a 10ml volumetric flask and sonicated with 3ml of distilled water for 5 minutes. The volume was made up to the mark with distilled water to give a stock solution of drotaverine hydrochloride of concentration 1000μg/ml. From this solution, 1ml of solution was pipetted out and transferred into 10ml volumetric flask. The volume was made up to mark with distilled water to give a working standard solution of concentration 100μg/ml.
Preparation of Reagent:
A 0.05% w/v Congo red, 0.25% eriochrome black T and 0.02% methyl orange solutions were prepared in distilled water respectively.
Potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer solution of pH 4.01was prepared in distilled water. Dilute hydrochloric acid was used to adjust desired pH of buffer solution.
Estimation from Tablets:
Twenty tablets were weighed accurately and average weight of each tablet was determined. Powder equivalent to 10mg of drotaverine hydrochloride was weighed and transferred in 100ml of volumetric flask. A 30ml of distilled water was added and sonicated for 15minutes and filtered. The filtrate and washing were diluted up to the mark with distilled water to give concentration as 100μg/ml. Such solution was used for analysis.
EXPERIMENTAL:
Method 1(with Congo red):
Into a series of separating funnels appropriate amount of the working standard drug solutions were pipetted out. To each funnel 1.4ml of buffer (pH= 3.9) and 4.0ml of 0.05% w/v Congo red were added. 10ml of chloroform was added to each funnel. The solutions were shaken for thorough mixing of the two phases and were allowed to stand for clear separation of the layers. The absorbance values of the chloroform layers were measured against their respective reagent blank at the wavelength of the maximum absorbance (λ max 420nm).
Method 2(with methyl orange):
Into a series of separating funnels appropriate amount of the working standard drug solutions were pipetted out. To each funnel 3.2ml of buffer (pH = 3.8) and 2.8ml of 0.2%w/v methyl orange were added. 10ml of chloroform was added to each funnel. The solutions were shaken for thorough mixing of the two phases and were allowed to stand for clear separation of the layers. The absorbance values of the chloroform layers were measured against their respective reagent blank at the wavelength of the maximum absorbance (λ max = 430nm).
Method 3(with eriochrome black T):
Into a series of separating funnels appropriate amount of the working standard drug solutions were pipetted out. To each funnel 2.5ml of buffer (pH = 3.5) and 5.0ml of 0.025% w/v eriochrome black T were added. 10ml of chloroform was added to each funnel. The solutions were shaken for thorough mixing of the two phases and were allowed to stand for clear separation of the layers. The absorbance values of the chloroform layers were measured against their respective reagent blank at the wavelength of the maximum absorbance (λ max = 500 nm).
Results of Analysis are given in Table 1.
Table 1: Values of results of optical and regression of drug
|
Parameter |
Congo red |
Methyl orange |
Eriochrome black T |
|
Detection Wavelength (nm) |
490 |
430 |
500 |
|
Beer Law Limits (µg/ml) |
5-30 |
2-16 |
2-14 |
|
Correlation coefficient (r2) |
0.9996 |
0.9999 |
0.9993 |
|
Regression equation (y=b+ac) |
|
|
|
|
Slope (a) |
0.012 |
0.025 |
0.02 |
|
Intercept (b) |
0.0023 |
0.0005 |
0.0043 |
RESULTS:
The extractive spectrophotometric methods are popular due to their sensitivity in assay of the drug and hence ion pair extractive spectrophotometric methods have gain considerable attention for quantitative determination of many pharmaceutical preparations. These proposed methods are extractive spectrophotometric methods for the determination of drug by using chloroform as solvent from its formulations i.e. tablets. The colour ion pair complexes formed are very stable. The working conditions of these methods were established by varying one parameter at time and keeping the other parameters fixed by observing the effect produced on the absorbance of the colour species. The various parameters involved for maximum colour development for these methods were optimized. The proposed methods were validated statistically and by recovery studies. The molar absorptivity show the sensitivity of methods while the precision was confirmed by %RSD (relative standard deviation). The optical characteristics such as absorption maxima (nm), co-relation coefficient (r) were calculated and are also summarized. Assay results of recovery studies are given in table 2 (A, B, C).
Table no 2: A (Congo red)
|
Amount of Sample Added in (µg/ml) |
Amount of Standard Added in (µg/ml) |
Total amount recovered |
Percentage recovery (%) |
Standard deviation |
Percentage of relative standard deviation (C.O.V.) |
|
5 |
0 |
5.009508 |
100.1902 |
0.011191 |
0.2234 |
|
10 |
5 |
10.09033 |
100.9033 |
0.062889 |
0.623263 |
|
15 |
10 |
15.14143 |
100.9429 |
0.067928 |
0.448624 |
|
20 |
15 |
20.10934 |
100.5467 |
0.079134 |
0.393518 |
|
|
|
|
|
Mean=0.055286 |
Mean=0.422201 |
Table no 2: B (Methyl orange)
|
Amount of Sample Added in (µg/ml) |
Amount of Standard Added in (µg/ml) |
Total amount recovered |
Percentage recovery (%) |
Standard deviation |
Percentage of relative standard deviation (C.O.V.) |
|
2 |
0 |
2.004902 |
100.2451 |
0.004059 |
0.202464 |
|
2 |
2 |
4.004902 |
100.1225 |
0.038864 |
0.97041 |
|
2 |
4 |
5.995098 |
99.9183 |
0.048879 |
0.815322 |
|
2 |
6 |
7.976471 |
99.70588 |
0.066187 |
0.829779 |
|
|
|
|
|
Mean=0.039497 |
Mean=0.704494 |
Table no 2:C (Eriochrome black T)
|
Amount of Sample Added in (µg/ml) |
Amount of Standard Added in (µg/ml) |
Total amount recovered |
Percentage recovery (%) |
Standard deviation |
Percentage of relative standard deviation (C.O.V.) |
|
2 |
0 |
2.008844 |
100.4422 |
0.006406 |
0.318872 |
|
2 |
2 |
4.034422 |
100.8605 |
0.023031 |
0.570869 |
|
2 |
4 |
6.005442 |
100.0907 |
0.037134 |
0.618332 |
|
2 |
6 |
8.006803 |
100.085 |
0.064056 |
0.800025 |
|
|
|
|
|
Mean=0.032657 |
Mean=0.577025 |
Results are in good in agreement with labelled value.
DISCUSSION:
The percent recovery obtained indicates noninterference from the common excipients used in the formulation. The reproducibility, repeatability and accuracy of these methods were found to be good, which is evidenced by low standard deviation. The proposed methods are simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and reproducible. They are directly applied to drug to form chromogen. Hence, they can be successfully applied for the routine estimation of drug, in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form even at very low concentration and determination of stability of drug in formulation such as tablets. The strong recommendation is made here for the proposed methods for determination of drotaverine hydrochloride from its formulation.
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Received on 09.07.2025 Revised on 24.07.2025 Accepted on 06.08.2025 Published on 12.08.2025 Available online from August 18, 2025 Asian J. Research Chem.2025; 18(4):265-268. DOI: 10.52711/0974-4150.2025.00041 ©A and V Publications All Right Reserved
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